Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA

Whether the ingredient helps increase the skin’s water content — humectants that attract water, ingredients that reduce water loss, or ones that make skin feel less dry.

From Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium PCA, Urea, Glycerin

Whether it can improve smoothness and surface texture — roughness, flaking, clogged pores, or unevenness. Exfoliating acids, retinoids, and smoothing moisturizers may score here.

From Urea, Linoleic Acid, Citric Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate

Whether it can calm the skin — linked to less redness, irritation, discomfort, or visible reactivity.

From Allantoin, Linoleic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate, Arginine

Whether it can help visible signs of aging — fine lines, wrinkles, loss of firmness, or photoaging.

From Sodium Hyaluronate, Tocopherol, Glycine, Arginine

Whether it supports the skin barrier — restoring lipids, reducing water loss, aiding barrier repair, or strengthening the skin’s protective function.

From Glycerin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Arginine, Tocopherol

Whether it can make skin more sensitive to sunlight, raising the risk of sunburn or UV-related irritation. Relevant for some exfoliating acids, retinoids, and certain plant-derived ingredients.

From Citric Acid

Risk of short-term irritation — stinging, burning, dryness, redness, or discomfort. Common for strong actives, acids, retinoids, fragrances, and harsh surfactants.

From Citric Acid, Sodium Chloride, Phenoxyethanol, Urea

Whether it may worsen breakouts — clogging pores, feeling heavy on acne-prone skin, or triggering comedones in some users.

From Oleic Acid

Risk of allergic contact dermatitis or immune-based reactions. Fragrance allergens, preservatives, botanicals, and some dyes may score here.

From Chlorphenesin, Citric Acid, Phenoxyethanol

Whether it may sting or irritate around the eyes. Relevant for sunscreens, fragrances, acids, surfactants, and volatile ingredients.

From Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid