Clear & Defend+ Gel Moisturiser

Whether it supports the skin barrier — restoring lipids, reducing water loss, aiding barrier repair, or strengthening the skin’s protective function.

From Niacinamide, Glycerin, Tocopherol, Dimethicone

Whether it can calm the skin — linked to less redness, irritation, discomfort, or visible reactivity.

From Niacinamide, Panthenol, Tocopherol, Glycerin

Whether the ingredient helps increase the skin’s water content — humectants that attract water, ingredients that reduce water loss, or ones that make skin feel less dry.

From Glycerin, Panthenol, Niacinamide, Cetearyl Olivate

Whether it can help uneven tone, dark spots, melasma-like discoloration, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation — including brightening and tyrosinase-inhibiting ingredients.

From Niacinamide

Whether it can improve smoothness and surface texture — roughness, flaking, clogged pores, or unevenness. Exfoliating acids, retinoids, and smoothing moisturizers may score here.

From Niacinamide, Panthenol, Glycerin, Cetearyl Olivate

Risk of short-term irritation — stinging, burning, dryness, redness, or discomfort. Common for strong actives, acids, retinoids, fragrances, and harsh surfactants.

From Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Laureth-7

Whether it may sting or irritate around the eyes. Relevant for sunscreens, fragrances, acids, surfactants, and volatile ingredients.

From Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin

Risk of allergic contact dermatitis or immune-based reactions. Fragrance allergens, preservatives, botanicals, and some dyes may score here.

From Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin

Whether it has meaningful potential to be absorbed into the body at levels that may matter biologically. Most cosmetic ingredients score low unless there is known concern or high exposure.

From Polyacrylamide

Whether it may worsen breakouts — clogging pores, feeling heavy on acne-prone skin, or triggering comedones in some users.